identify the true and false statements about scientific research identify the true and false statements about scientific research

Sana concludes that it makes sense that dark chocolate would be healthy to eat frequently if it has antioxidants; this conclusion is an example of (blank) Lists of "good" and "bad" foods. Using this as a guide, we define the conditional statement P Q to be false only when P is true and Q is false, that is, only when the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. About 126,000 rumors were spread by 3 million people. Identify the concepts from research methodology that might be problematic for this study. If not, explain what the firm bias. Incorrect Answer(s) They have the patina of legitimate science, but something has gone wrong. In the middle portion of this interview with Dalton Conley, sociologist Alondra Nelson describes the origins of African Ancestry, a company that markets genetic genealogy testing to black families. IRB approves study design. Americans are more religious on average and thus more disposed to believe that human beings have a God-given right to alter nature. attitudes toward gay marriage When we say that sociology is a social science, we mean that it uses the scientific method to try to understand the many aspects of society that sociologists study. concerns of stigmatization, privacy, and social stratification. Question: Identify whether the statements are true or false concerning treatments for influenza. New online tools can automatically adjust the reliability and validity of survey questions. "There are four major concepts in science: facts, hypotheses, laws and theories . Answer: True statements: Research on human participants conducted by a university must be approved by an institutional review board. The ability to classify statements as factual or opinion varies widely based on political awareness, digital savviness and trust in news media, 3. The class using the new textbook is smaller than the class using the old textbook. For example, members of each political party were more likely to label both factual and opinion statements as factual when they appealed more to their political side. Members of these populations were socially isolated. Additionally, the concept of (reactivity) suggests that researchers can also influence those who are being studied. c. Since viruses never change,an adaptive immune system . Lethabo's psychology professor tells him that people are likely to be swayed by a story that sounds good or makes sense. A new Pew Research Center survey of 5,035 U.S. adults examines a basic step in that process: whether members of the public can recognize news as factual something thats capable of being proved or disproved by objective evidence or as an opinion that reflects the beliefs and values of whoever expressed it. Which of the following is an example of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? sample 2. how scientists engage in scientific research make their decisions b. Overall, Americans identified more statements correctly than incorrectly, but sizable portions got most wrong, Republicans and Democrats are more likely to think news statements are factual when they appeal to their side even if they are opinions, News brand labels in this study had a modest impact on separating factual statements from opinion, When Americans call a statement factual they overwhelmingly also think it is accurate; they tend to disagree with factual statements they incorrectly label as opinions, 1. Researchers use an established set of propositions, known as a(n) _____, to make a specific prediction, known as a(n) _____. Which items represent documented present-day effects of global warming? Barry C Smith is a Director of the Institute of Philosophy at the Institute of Advanced Studies at University of London. His interests range from the philosophy of wine to Chomsky Two of the statements (one factual and one opinion) were neutral and intended to appeal equally to the left and right. Disadvantage(s) In addition to political awareness, party identification plays a role in how Americans differentiate between factual and opinion news statements. The elementary schools were of different qualities. did not disclose a conflict of interest When she gets home, Sana looks up research on dark chocolate and ignores the studies showing that dark chocolate should be consumed only in moderation because of its calorie content. His therapist, Janice, recently read an article about adjustment disorder. Falling for untested good stories can have physically harmful effects. When identifying a counterexample, Identify the condition and conclusion of the statement. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. abstract, intro, method, results, discussion, refrences. "Hyperactivity is unrelated to eating sugar " is an example of a null hypothesis. Previous research relied heavily on the premise . Desde que (ha llegado/lleg) mi primo a la ciudad, (nos hemos divertido/nos divertimos) mucho. -concerns over the morality of creating new stem cell lines participants give informed consent. UNESCO. Labeling statements with a news outlet had no impact on how Republicans or Democrats classified the opinion statements. d. le syndrome d'immunodficience acquise researchers debrief participants. The scientific method, as applied to social sciences, includes a variety of research approaches, tools, and techniques, such as qualitative and quantitative data, statistical analysis, experiments, field surveys, case research, and so forth. An important goal is to yield generalizations general statements regarding trends among various dimensions of social life. genetic testing on remains exhumed from a historic burial ground. Which of the following should Jayla do to determine that the claim about crystals is trustworthy? Far fewer Americans got all five correct, and roughly a quarter got most or all wrong. -improvements in agricultural techniques and technologies The last part of this animation describes how genetic testing could lead to problems that would not otherwise have arisen. This is summarized in Table 1.1, which is called a truth table for the conditional statement P Q. For more information on how statements were selected for the study, see below. Just as in true statements, false words elicited larger ERPs than true words in pragmatically-licensed, negative sentences. A sociologist wants to study a global community of online gamers who all play the same multiplayer game. Incorrect Answer(s) Identify the true and false statements about meta-analyses. The experiment because the researcher can isolate the effect of race by creating otherwise identical resumes. How many times per week do you read? Evolution is a theory, not a proven fact. All of the statements related to policy issues and current events. Even if a research study finds an effect the majority of the time, there is no guarantee it will happen to you. Identify the mood and then choose the most suitable topic sentence among the examples. The study probed one step further for the initial set of 12 statements. The illusory truth effect (also known as the illusion of truth effect, validity effect, truth effect, or the reiteration effect) is the tendency to believe false information to be correct after repeated exposure. It can be effective to focus only on the theoretical parts of the argument being made. 1. how scientific fraud is uncovered variable: AreHarrisonandHozelBergeronreallysodifferent? Gonads, Match each concept with its description. (All of the factual statements were accurate.) What were President George W. Bush's reasons, in 2001, for restricting federal support for embryonic stem cell research to research on cell lines already established? f. l'Organization du Trait de l'Atlantique Nord. Which lessons can be drawn from the example of Angelina Jolie's medical decision and Edward . Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation. If they classified it as an opinion, they were asked if they agreed or disagreed with the statement. c. l'Organisation des Nations-Unies Ana Carillo and Associates is a medium-sized company located near a large metropolitan area in the Midwest. Organic products may be healthier than non-organic products. School records are used to select 100 students from different categories (male and female, white and non-white, etc.) C. marketing information systems tend to increase the quantity of information available for decision making, but with some decrease in quality. -They produce higher yields. Do you support raising taxes to provide additional childcare subsidies to the poor? What are the main trends of the global green revolution that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century? Incorrect Answer(s) Five students are randomly selected for in-depth interviews, each lasting half an hour. Which statements are true and false about scientific research and personal experience? The green revolution, which began around -, exported advanced food production techniques from the U.S. and - to developing nations like Mexico and -. If this happens, which factors will most likely be involved? The six steps of the scientific method include: 1) asking a question about something you observe, 2) doing background research to learn what is already known about the topic, 3) constructing a hypothesis, 4) experimenting to test the hypothesis, 5) analyzing the data from the experiment and drawing conclusions, and 6) communicating the results . ought to do. Why are many African Americans especially interested in the prospect of using genetic testing to determine a person's family history and ancestral place of origin? What, according to scientist Vandana Shiva, were some negative consequences for developing nations of the green revolution that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century? SOCI 101 InQuisitive Ch.17 - Science, the Env, Chapter 17. Anecdotal evidence is evidence based only on personal observation, collected in a casual or non-systematic manner. The scientific method has five basic steps, plus one feedback step: Make an observation. What was the initial motivation for the Manhattan Project? View the full answer. representativeness Any physical object that has social meaning can be considered a part of material culture. She suggests that Terrance may have this disorder and diagnoses him accordingly. The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social media by terrorist organizations in other countries to recruit new members is an example of what cultural phenomenon? Later, Lethabo begins experiencing stomach pain and thinks he may have a stomach ulcer. Identify the true and false statements about the differences between scientific research and personal experience. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis. These misperceptions, defined as factual beliefs that are false or that contradict the best available evidence in the public domain (Flynn et al., 2017), can be harmful to one's health and even hamper society's ability to address major challenges.One of the biggest challenges of our time is climate change, for . What term is used by Thomas Kuhn to describe a conceptual framework for doing "normal science," as Kuhn calls it? They do not view a macro picture of multiple planets. False Statement(s) b. Inductive reasoning can be used to generate hypotheses. individualism Identify three items that are likely to be held as inventories by these businesses. After a year of sifting through the scientific evidence, a committee of psychologists and criminologists organized by the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) has now gingerly weighed in. When Americans see a news statement as factual, they overwhelmingly also believe it to be accurate. To analyze this, the study aimed to include an equal number of statements that played to the sensitivities of each side, maintaining an overall ideological balance across statements.2, Overall, Republicans and Democrats were more likely to classify both factual and opinion statements as factual when they appealed most to their side. In this video, sociologist John Evans describes for Dalton Conley the evolution of people's thinking about genetic engineering. -concerns about privacy She wants to be a critical consumer of research and carefully considers what elements of the report might be due to flaws of the original scholarly article and what might be due to flaws of the news report. An opinion, in contrast to a fact, is a statement that reflects an author's or the speaker's point of view, beliefs, perspective, personal feelings, and values; opinions cannot be verified and proven to be true or false like a fact can be verified and proven to be true . These students will fill out a short questionnaire. The teacher using the new book has more teaching experience. Identify the activities that could realistically be part of the research. However, there is a generally accepted sequence of steps in scientific methods. This article helps you identify and refine a research problem. JaTonya comes across a questionable news report stating that horns are growing on young people's skulls. Scientific claims are evaluated based on merit, and not by the researcher's reputation. Identify the problems as either flaws of the scholarly article or flaws of the news article. sex/gender. The term is sometimes used in a legal context to describe certain kinds of testimony which are uncorroborated by objective, independent evidence such as notarized documentation, photographs, audio-visual recordings, etc. standard direct labor hours. }}\end{array} The continent of - was a late beneficiary, partly because the first wave of high-yield crops required - agriculture, while the second wave could be grown using -agriculture. Surveys may help the researcher dispel certain preconceptions and discover issues that might have been otherwise overlooked. Riaan is designing a study in which he combines the findings of (blank) and calculates the magnitude of all the combined results, otherwise known as (blank). used a data set of rumor cascades on Twitter from 2006 to 2017. Artificial beings with intelligence appeared as storytelling devices in antiquity, and have been common in fiction, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or Karel apek's R.U.R. studied only a small portion of the general population True Statement(s) promoted gender equality, increased value of formal schooling, slowed population growth. The standardized tests were scored incorrectly. . Expert Answer. Although most students prefer true and false questions, these types of questions can be tricky. Correct Answer(s) \end{aligned} Figure 2. democracy -They can be more nutritious. In a sociological context, what principle does the phrase Matthew effect refer to? Approach each statement as if it were true and then determine if any part of . Government must allow for the social response to facts it makes laws about. A sociologist is worried that her presence is affecting interactions between the people he is studying. Signs, gestures, and language, as well as values and norms, are all part of (Symbolic) culture. Identify the true and false statements about good stories. The following strategies will enhance your ability to answer true/false questions correctly: Approach each statement as if it were true. Seattle libraries were interested in the effectiveness of summer reading programs in improving the reading ability of elementary school students. And, overall, the same general findings about differences based on political awareness, digital savviness and trust also held true for this second set of statements. Conley suggests that "the availability of organic products may add to health stratification by income." Why did the fatalities produced by Chicago's 1995 heat wave occur mainly among the elderly, the poor, and African Americans? Discuss a reversal design and draw a graph of some hypothetical results using such a design. confirmation bias, Overestimating the percentage of shark attacks that occur each year due to recent news reports about a particular shark attack is an example of (blank) One such non-custom model is called Luxury Base Frame. Given the content listed above, a description of the research problem is . What does it mean to say that research is probabilistic? (Laws) are specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden, while (mores) often include severe repercussions and public condemnation. Creating the mix of statements was a multistep and rigorous process that incorporated a wide variety of viewpoints. The factual statements were drawn from sources including news organizations, government agencies, research organizations and fact-checking entities, and were verified by the research team as accurate. If the results from a study do not apply to every case, that research should not be taken seriously. Science is a process of falsifying (ruling out) logical hypotheses. 1 While Americans' sense of what is true and false . Overhead is applied to production based on The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action can or should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. problems that would result from the genetic screening of children at birth. -the one-directional impact of DNA evidence Those on the outskirts of the city were all selected to implement a longer program that lasted the entire summer. Boundary work is work done to maintain the borders between different branches of science and between science and non-science. Fats help maintain your cell membranes. Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior. 1.) A statement was considered to appeal to the left or the right based on whether it lent support to political views held by more on one side of the ideological spectrum than the other. One year later, city officials compared reading abilities using standardized tests of all the elementary schools in Seattle. \\ {\bullet \text { Harrison and George Bergeron are father and son. }} For more details on what percent of the time means, see the. Our upcoming discussion of Einstein's special theory of relativity illustrates this point quite clearly. Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research.A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries gave examples of policy definitions. The best explanation for the evolutionary survival of homosexuality is that homosexual men and women pass on their genes by helping to raise their nieces and nephews. The researchers treated scientists as they would any other "tribe.". Correct Answer(s) If all women followed the example Angelina Jolie set in 2013, what would a mutated BRCA1 gene be a predictor for. Research like this can combine the statistical findings of individual studies to identify a(n) (blank), empirical articles, metaanalysis, effect size. The first thing to do before looking at the text, is to look at your set of True, False, Not given questions. At the core of biology and other sciences lies a problem-solving approach called the scientific method. \text { Direct materials } & 134.00 \\ When the sociologist is asked to teach an ethnography class, she hangs out with the students and teaches them more about ethnography in a small group setting. Accurate descriptions of how science is normally done. Incorrect Answer(s) Incorrect Answer(s) True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here Researchers are never . Identify the sources as either reliable or unreliable. They found falsehoods are 70% more likely to be . &\text { Cost per unit: }\\ A greater likelihood of undergoing a preventative mastectomy. She quickly begins to see many of the group members as her friends, and participates in social events with them. During the most recent month, only 900 units were produced; 4,500 direct labor hours were allowed for standard production, but only 4,000 hours were used. A larger sample size is more acceptable and valid for all kinds of research. For more detail on the classification of the three news outlets, as well as the selection and analysis of this second set of statements, see the, This analysis grouped together all of the times the 5,035 respondents saw a statement attributed to each of the outlets or no outlet at all. Each unit has a direct labor hour standard of 5 hours. Which questions would be part of the sociology of science? They found that elementary schools whose students had attended the longer summer reading programs and thus read more books boasted higher reading comprehension. Which of the following measurement methods would yield results that can be generalized to the student population of a large university? If consumption is $6\$ 6$6 billion when disposable income is $1\$ 1$1 billion and if the marginal propensity to consume is, dCdy=0.4+0.3y\frac{d C}{d y}=0.4+\frac{0.3}{\sqrt{y}} The controversy surrounding North Carolina's 2016 HB2 law is an example of which of the following concepts? ChatGPT's answers, statements and observations appear without an explanation of where they came from and without an identifiable author. None of this means Darwin's theory is necessarily true and "Creation Science" is necessarily false. 1.) B. both tend to focus on nonrecurring information needs. Instructions The phone is expected to generate additional annual sales of 6,000 units at $250 per unit. Scientific statements must be falsifiable. If the hypothesis is tested and found to be false, using statistics, then a connection between hyperactivity and sugar ingestion may be indicated. They deal with a relatively narrow set of phenomena. The number of people in a large gathering is recorded. \\ {\bullet \text { Arrest Harrison Bergeron immediately. }} reactivity Identify the true and false statements about the differences between scientific research and personal experience. Which of the following statements are ways to identify high-quality scientific journals? Why does certified organic food tend to come from megafarms and other large, corporate food producers rather than small-scale operations that serve a local clientele? In todays fast-paced and complex information environment, news consumers must make rapid-fire judgments about how to internalize news-related statements statements that often come in snippets and through pathways that provide little context. A sociologist conducts an experiment to see how watching a documentary on young men in gay relationships affects individual attitudes toward gay marriage. The differentiation between factual and opinion statements used in this study - the capacity to be proved or disproved by objective evidence - is commonly used by others as well, but may vary somewhat from how "facts" are sometimes discussed in debates - as statements that are true. Meta-analyses do not allow cherry-picking of certain studies. A final list of statements was created in consultation with Pew Research Center subject matter experts and an external board of advisers. An indigenous people have no equivalent words for planet, Earth, or world. Almost four-in-ten Americans who have a lot of trust in the information from national news organizations (39%) correctly identified all five factual statements, compared with 18% of those who have not much or no trust. Correct Answer(s) Why does certified organic food tend to come from megafarms and other large, corporate food producers rather than small-scale operations that serve a local clientele? Identify each statement about Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's study of Jonas Salk's lab as correct or incorrect. Janice's diagnosis is not purely based on her client's symptoms but is partially influenced by the (blank). When Americans incorrectly classified factual statements as opinions, they most often disagreed with the statement. Write an example of base words and simple derivational affixes worksheet. What is typically true of producesay, fresh fruitthat is labeled "certified organic"? Correct answer: True. A sociologist wants to study a global community of online gamers who all play the same multiplayer game. Each person at a gathering of academics is invited to talk about his or her political views. Claims that sound too good to be true. State any assumptions that you use. Meta-analyses summarize the magnitude of a relationship between variables. What benefits do proponents of GMO food crops claim for them? study occurs. Doctors and authority figures are not susceptible to good stories. Republicans correctly classified them 77% of the time when attributed to Fox News, 8 percentage points higher than Democrats, who did so 69% of the time.5 Members of the two parties were as likely as each other to correctly classify the factual statements when no source was attributed or when USA Today or The New York Times was attributed. After that, if they want to interview (respondents), sociologists must first get (informed consent), which means that participants agree to be interviewed and know what they are getting into. On the other hand, almost four-in-ten Democrats (37%) incorrectly classified the left-appealing opinion statement Increasing the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour is essential for the health of the U.S. economy as factual, compared with about half as many Republicans (17%).3, In a separate part of the study, respondents were shown eight different statements. The continent of Africa was a late beneficiary, partly because the first wave of high-yield crops required irrigation-based agriculture, while the second wave could be grown using rain-fed agriculture. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. . Ulrich Beck has drawn attention to the concept of a risk society: a society that both produces and addresses risks to human life and health. IfHarrisonandhismotherwereputinthesameroom,theywouldnotbeabletocommunicate. False statements: If a result does not support a theory, that theory should be discarded. d) A research proposal is just like a research report and writtenbefore the research project Ans: c) The statement of purpose in a research study should----- a) Identify the design of the study b) Identify the intent or objective of the study c) Specify the type of people to be used in the study d) Describe the study Ans: b) Consideration of any potential benefits to the communities where the research will Scientists question their own theories and even widely accepted ideas. Terms in this set (44) Place the parts of a study in the order in which they should happen to maintain an ethical study, from first to last. d. Research, when rigorous, can have an influence on practice. Galactic Inc. is considering an investment in new equipment that will be used to manufacture a smartphone. Indeed, a statement can be scientific even if we do not currently have the data or the technical equipment to test it. There are different children in the fourth grade this year than there were last year. Later at the grocery store, the Facebook post comes to Sana's mind while she is walking by the candy aisle, so she purchases a large bag of dark chocolate. Lies spread faster than the truth. While (basic research) is most closely associated with value-free sociology, pre-existing values are not the only reason a sociologist might be biased. A school district decides to compare a new math textbook with the textbook that has been used for the past few years. If you do not understand the Results section, you should ignore it. -The research questions scientists choose to investigate are often a matter of personal preference or interest. replicability This is true for both statements they correctly and incorrectly identified as factual, though small portions of the public did call statements both factual and inaccurate. He goes to see a therapist and tells her his problem. \hline The students in the longer program read more books. Your body does not use energy when you sleep. The scientific method limits empirical observations to those consistent with a theory. Each of the fourth graders in one school is randomly assigned to be in one of two classes, one in which a teacher continues using the old book and another in which a new teacher uses the new book. In behavioral research, results explain a high proportion of possible cases, but they are not expected to explain all cases all the time.