list of dictatorship countries

The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. Venezuela has a presidential government. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. Adolf Hitler: 14 most cruel dictators Benito Mussolini: 14 most cruel dictators Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924): 14 most cruel dictators Joseph Stalin: 14 most cruel dictators Mao Zedong or Mao or Mao Tse Tung: 14 most cruel dictators Muammar Gaddafi: 14 most cruel dictators Idi Amin (1920-2003): 14 most cruel dictators Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. The legislature must be popularly elected. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". " Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. #SOSCuba. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. Photo: Lars Klove. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. 5. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. Nearly half of dictatorships start as a military coup, though others have been started by foreign intervention, elected officials ending competitive elections, insurgent takeovers, popular uprisings by citizens, or legal maneuvering by autocratic elites to take power within their government. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. 2. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. Countries that start with: [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. [11], A dictatorship is formed when a specific group seizes power, with the composition of this group affecting how power is seized and how the eventual dictatorship will rule. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. Types. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. [146], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. The . [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions.