a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by

After the discussion develops, the instructor may ask a follow-up question to guide the discussion. For example, a lecture is a convenient way to instruct large groups. The instructor can tailor the presentation for the class and also include graphics at appropriate points. If necessary, make assignments that give the students an adequate background for discussing the lesson topic. This preparation should start well in advance of the presentation. In addition, FAA inspectors and designated examiners have found that student applicants often exhibit a lack of knowledge during oral questioning, even though many have easily passed the FAA knowledge test. Moreover, the student should feel a personal responsibility to contribute. Instructors can create their own overhead acetate or plastic transparencies, or they may purchase commercially produced ones. The pilot told the controllers that he would attempt an instrument approach. There are several points at which assessments can be made: before training, during training, and after training. Aids that involve learning a physical skill should guide students toward mastery of the skill or task specified in the lesson objective, Instructional aids have no value in the learning process if they cannot be heard or seen. In the discussion method, the instructor provides a short lecture, no more than 20 minutes in length, which gives basic knowledge to the students. This is necessary to be certain a student is on track with the training syllabus. The training record can be reviewed and the students training status easily assessed in case the student transfers to another school or instructor, Another example of enhanced, instructor-oriented material for pilot training is a maneuvers guide or handbook which includes the PTS as an integral part of the description of maneuvers and procedures. Major advantages of CAL are that students can progress at a rate which is comfortable for them and are often able to access the CAL at their own convenience, Another benefit of CAL is the test prep study guides, useful for preparation for the FAA knowledge tests. All aviation instructors shoulder an enormous responsibility because their students will ultimately be flying, servicing, or repairing aircraft, but flight instructors have the additional responsibilities of evaluating student pilots and making a decision of when they are ready to solo. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. Even though most aircraft are equipped with some sort of navigational system, instructors should teach students the basics of navigation. The instructor acts as a facilitator to encourage discussion between students, In the guided discussion, learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions. In order to present the lesson on weight and balance, Bob has taken the theoretical information presented in previous chaptersconcepts and principles pertinent to human behavior, how people learn, and effective communicationinto the classroom. The instructor uses decision-based training objectives to teach aviation students critical thinking skills, such as risk management and aeronautical decision-making (ADM), The desired level of learning should also be incorporated into the objectives, and these level of learning objectives may apply to one or more of the three domains of learningcognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes, beliefs, and values), and psychomotor (physical skills). This, coupled with culturally diverse backgrounds of todays students, makes it necessary for instructors to be precise in their choice of terminology. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. They are essential for reporting complicated information. Basic VOR/NDB radio navigation procedures are also perishable and could save lives if proficiency is maintained. It could be a private pilot certificate, an instrument rating, or an AMT certificate or rating. While there are subtle nuances to the different terms which include computer-assisted learning (CAL), computerassisted instruction (CAI), computer-based training (CBT), and computer-based instruction (CBI), this handbook will use the term "computer-assisted learning" in the following discussion, Computer-assisted learning (CAL) couples the personal computer (PC) with multimedia software to create a training device. When required endorsements and recordkeeping provisions are designed into training syllabi, it is much easier, from the instructors standpoint, to conduct required training, track student progress, and certify records. This may include important safety considerations, Select the ideas to be supported with instructional aids. A complete outline tends to distract students and makes a logical presentation difficult. Faulty habits are difficult to correct and must be addressed as soon as possible. First of all, instructors need to begin planning early to determine what the student group is expected to learn and to be able to do on their own. While it is important to provide hands-on tasks in the lesson plan to engage students in active learning, it is also important to ensure the tasks are completed safely and correctly, In Chapter 2, The Learning Process, learning was defined as "a change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience. The instructor should consider that the student may neither believe nor understand any point without the use of testimony from SMEs or without meaningful examples, statistics, or comparisons. The area of the picture or object is limited to approximately 10 inches by 10 inches, Items which may be projected are practically limitless. Audio or visual aids can be very useful in supporting a topic, and the combination of both audio and visual stimuli is particularly effective since the two most important senses are involved.Instructors should keep in mind that they are often salesmen of ideas, and many of the best sales techniques that attract the attention of potential clients are well worth considering. A model is a copy of a real object. This might be someone saying, "But, what if ?" The major advantage of CAL is that it is interactivethe computer responds in different ways, depending on student input. Three types of problem-based instruction are discussed: scenario based, collaborative problem-solving, and case study, SBT uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address aviation training objectives in an operational environment. The tendency toward unnecessarily distracting artwork also should be avoided, Instructional aids should appeal to the student and be based on sound principles of instructional design. The software may include additional features such as image banks with full color photos and graphics, as well as questions or directions which are programmed to create interactivity for students as they progress through the course, The questions or directions are programmed using a branching technique, which provides several possible courses of action for the user to choose in order to move from one sequence to another. A relay question is asked by a learner and the instructor requests another student to respond, Questions are so much a part of teaching that they are often taken for granted. Students learn from the beginning how to perform the maneuver or procedure and also become familiar with the performance criteria. If writing has been previously prepared, it should be covered and then revealed one step at a time, If necessary, use a ruler, compass, or other devices in making drawings, Use the upper part of the board. The following code describes the concept of an aviation citizen. robot dreams by isaac asimov answers; skycity staff intranet. Remember, a good inflight scenario is more than an hour of flight time; it is also a learning experience. The instructor usually shows these primary relationships by developing the main points in one of the following ways: from past to present, simple to complex, known to unknown, and most frequently used to least used, In this pattern of development, the subject matter is arranged chronologically, from the present to the past or from the past to the present. Instructors will find the following suggestions helpful in planning a discussion lesson. Instructors should also try to prepare students for viewing CD/DVD programs by telling them what to watch carefully, what is important or, possibly, what is incorrect. This review and wrap-up of ideas reinforces student learning and improves the retention of what has been learned. However, writing standards to evaluate a students level of learning or overt behavior in the affective domain (attitudes, beliefs, and values) is more difficult, The overall objective of an aviation training course is usually well established, and the general standards are included in various rules and related publications. The instructor must, therefore, allot enough time for meaningful student activity. HOME; INTERIORS; EXTERIORS; OFFICE & PORTRAITS; PUBLICITY/EVENTS; CONSTRUCTION; INFO Since the material projected requires no special preparation, the cost is very low. This topic is explored more thoroughly in hapter 9, Professional Development, Management skills generally include the ability to plan, organize, lead, and supervise. The following conditions and controls are useful for cooperative learning, but do not need to be used every time an instructor assigns a group learning project: Clear, complete instructions of what students are to do, in what order, with what materials, and when appropriatewhat students are to do as evidence of their mastery of targeted content and skills, Student perception of targeted objectives as their own, personal objectives, Student access to and comprehension of required information, Recognition and rewards for group success, Time after completion of group tasks for students to systematically reflect upon how they worked together as a team, In practice, cooperative or group learning in aviation training is normally modified to adapt to school policy or for other valid reasons. It is a realistic situation that allows the student to rehearse mentally for a situation and requires practical application of various bits of knowledge. Any of these may be appropriate at one time or another. Thus, an instructor who introduces some form of active student participation in the middle of a lecture greatly increases student retention. The instructor also should carefully consider the class size and the depth of the presentation. [Figure 4-14] The popularity of simulation games that provide players with complex situations and opportunities to learn have drawn educators into the gaming field as they seek interactive educational games that help students retain subject matter learning, The advantages of simulation/role-playing games come as the student learns new information, develops skills, connects and manipulates information. An effective instructor uses a combination of teaching methods as well as instructional aids to achieve this goal. While aviation instructors are expected to be familiar with all regulatory training requirements, use of instructororiented training materials which are enhanced for regulatory compliance can be very beneficial for ensuring required training is being accomplished, endorsed, and properly documented.