What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) grow out of the observation that the simplest 20 percent of a computers instruction set does 80 percent of the work. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. The Univac 1 is the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. These microcomputers were often sold as "DIY" kits or pre-built machines in relatively small numbers in the mid-1970s.These systems were primarily used for teaching the use of microprocessors and supporting peripheral devices, and unlike home computers were rarely used with pre-written application software. Definition. Xerox wasnt interested. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. server. mainframe computer. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. The line was discontinued in 2014. The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. The micro has to have a real . Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. Description. The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? The boss wants it to have a complex user interface with a time display, touch panel buttons and accurate timing for the toast cycle. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. What feature of modern productivity tools makes it possible for files created in one software product to be opened in another software product? _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. 1945: Memex What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? Quizlet ch3.pdf - 3/21/2021 Chapter 3: Computer Hardware The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Department an entire Alto Ethernet network with laser printer, graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it into a prototype that he then attached to Stanfords computer network. The Central processing unit (CPU) serves as the primarily processing component of a computer system. The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. It has pre-programmed curricular material. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. Answer early modern period 1700 ad to 1899 ad 16 It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). true. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. FoxBase/FoxPro | Localazy Hub Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. It would serve as the model for several other significant multi-processor systems that would be among the fastest in the world. The first microcomputers (images) - CNET Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? List of early microcomputers - Wikipedia Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). The basic computer cost $28,500. Harkening back to the hobbyist era of personal computing in the 1970s, Arduino begins as a project of the Interaction Design Institute, Ivrea, Italy. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. Which Software Was The First Available For Microcomputers? CHAPTER 1 questions & answers for quizzes and worksheets - Quizizz Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. 1951. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. IBM establishes the 650 as its first mass-produced computer, with the company selling 450 in just one year. That's not as trivial. The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. Produce results (output) 4. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. MOS 6502 ad from IEEE Computer, Sept. 1975. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. What software was the first available for microcomputers? His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. False DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. Over the next few years, the basic design of the IAS machine was copied in at least 17 places and given similar-sounding names, for example, the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois; the Johnniac at The Rand Corporation; and the SILLIAC in Australia. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. The Librascope division of defense contractor General Precision buys Frankels design, renaming it the LGP-30 in 1956. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. Chapter 1 Microcomputer Applications Exam Flashcards | Quizlet The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. Microcomputer - Wikipedia An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. Wilkes' ideas grew out of the Moore School lectures he had attended three years earlier. Customers included US military as well as industry. most important part of computer. According to an independent computer-industry analyst, the new Regent The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. Computers | Timeline of Computer History | Computer History Museum Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. D. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. The LEO was Englands first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. spreadsheet program Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The air defense system used two AN/FSQ-7 computers, each of which used a full megawatt of power to drive its 55,000 vacuum tubes, 175,000 diodes and 13,000 transistors. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. Get started for free! During three years of production, IBM sells 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government.
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